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Rumus Lengkap 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

By Cakrawala96

Dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris, terdapat tatacara yang harus dipahami. Salah satunya, aturan tenses. Bahasa Inggris mempunyai 16 tenses. Ya, memang bisa dibilang banyak, sih. Maka sangat wajar apabila untuk mempelajarinya membutuhkan waktu yang tidak singkat. Bahkan, tak jarang orang yang sudah hafal sekali pun bisa lupa.

Jika kalian sedang belajar atau mengingat-ingat kembali tentang tenses Bahasa Inggris. Dibawah ini sudah dirangkum secara singkat dan jelas mengenai 16 tenses Bahasa Inggris. Ok, langsung saja simak uraian berikut.

1. Simple Presen Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari, fakta, perasaan, pikiran, pendapat, dan keadaan di masa sekarang.

Kata sinyal: every, always, never, normaly, sometimes, often, seldom, usually.

Verbal

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Verb1/Verb1(s/es) → She likes black tea.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb1 → You don't work very hard.
  • Kalimat Introgatif: Do/Does + Subject + Verb1? → Does she work here?

Non Verbal

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Is/Am/Are + Noun/Adjective/Adverb → This is a great idea.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Is/Am/Are + Not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb → This is not a great idea.
  • Kalimat Introgatif: Is/Am/Are + Subject + Noun/Adjective/Adverb? → Is it a great idea?

2. Present Continous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan hal yang sedang dilakukan atau sedang terjadi di masa sekarang.

Kata Sinyal: now, just now, right now, at the moment, Look!, Listen!

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Is/Am/are + Verb-ing → We are playing football.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Is/Am/are + Not + Verb-ing → We are not playing football.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Is/Am/are + Subject + Verb-ing? → Are we playing football?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Kata sinyal: ever, already, just, never, not yet, till now, so far, up to now.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Have/Has + Verb3 → I have finished my homework.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Have/has + Not + Verb3 → He has not finished his homework.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Have/Has + Subject + Verb3? → Have you finished your homework?

4. Present Perfect Continous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang telah dilakukan di masa lampau, tetapi masih berlanjut di masa kini. Bisa juga untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan di masa lampau, tetapi dampaknya dapat dirasakan hingga saat ini.

Kata Sinyal: For the past...., since, the whole week.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing → I have been working here since 2015.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb-ing → She has not been watching TV since twenty years old.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Have/Has + Subject + Been + Verb-ing? → Has she been working here since 2015?

5. Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Kata Sinyal: yesterday, in 2010, last year, last month, 5 minute ago.

Verbal

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Verb2 → I washed my car yesterday.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Did + Not + Verb1 → I didn’t wash my car yesterday.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Did + Subject + Verb1? → Did you wash your car yesterday?

Non Verbal

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Were/Was + Noun/Adjective/Adverb → It was cold so i put my jacket.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Were/Was + Not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb → He wasn’t sad at that time.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Were/Was + Subject + Noun/Adjective/Adverb? → Were you at the party yesterday?

6. Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Kata Sinyal: while, when, as long as, at this time yesterday.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Were/Was + Verb-ing → The sun was shining every day that summer.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Were/Was + Not + Verb-ing → He was not sleeping when you got home late last night.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Were/Was + Subject + Verb-ing? → What was he doing this time yesterday?

7. Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau, dan cenderung menyatakan sebuah fakta.

Kata sinyal: already, until that day, before yesterday, till three days ago.

  • Kalimat positif: Subject + Had + Verb3 → She had studied English before you moved to London.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Had + Not + Verb3 → She had not studied English before you moved to London.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Had + Subject + Verb3? → Had she studied English before you moved to London?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lampau, tetapi telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Kata Sinyal: since, for, all day, the whole day.

  • Kalimat Sinyal: Subject + Had + Been + Verb-ing → I had been waiting there for more than two hours.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Had + Not + Been + Verb-ing → I had not been waiting there for more than two hours.
  • Kalimat Positif: Had + Subject + Been + Verb-ing? → Had i been waiting there for more than two hours?

9. Simple Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang akan dilakukan di masa depan. Will digunakan untuk hal yang spontanitas, sedangkan going to untuk hal yang lebih terencana.

Kata Sinyal: next..., tomorrow, next year, in a year, two days later.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Will/(is,am,are) Going to + Verb1 → I will come to the party.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Will Not/(is,am,are) Not Going to + Verb1 → I will not come to the party.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Will/(is,am,are) Going to + Subject + Verb1? → Will you come to the party?

Penyingkatan kata yang biasa terjadi:
  • Will not menjadi Won’t
  • Going to menjadi Gonna
  • I will menjadi I’ll
  • She will menjadi She’ll

10. Future Continous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan dan aksi yang pasti terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Kata Sinyal: in five year, tomorrow morning.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Will/(is,am,are) Going to + Be + Verb1 → I will be playing football in the field.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Will Not/(is,am,are) Not Going to + Be + Verb1 → I will not be playing football in the field.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Will/(is,am,are) Going to + Subject + Be + Verb1? → Will you be playing football in the field?

11. Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan selesai di masa depan.

Kata Sinya: in a week, by next sunday.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Will + Have + Verb3 → He will have cooked dinner.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Will + Not + Have + Verb3 → He will not have cooked dinner.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Will + Subject + Have + Verb3? → Will he have cooked dinner?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan.

Kata Sinyal: for the last..., all day long.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Will + Have + Been + Verb-ing → I will have been driving for five hours.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Will + Not + Have + Been + Verb-ing → I will not have been driving for five hours.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Will + Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing? → Will you have been driving for five hours?

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Digunakan apabila sedang berbicara tentang hal baru atau suatu aksi yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya. Would digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang masih direncanakan. (Were,was) Going to digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang sudah pasti akan dilaksanakan atau spontanitas.

Kata sinyal: last week, yesterday, the day before.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Would/(was,were) Going to + Verb1 → I knew you would help him.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Would Not/(was,were) Not Going to + Verb1 → I knew you would not help him.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Would/(was,were) Going to + Subject + Verb1? → Would you help him?

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan gagasan yang sudah direncanakan di masa lampau. Walaupun gagasan tersebut sudah terjadi atau mungkin belum.

Kata Sinyal: 5 years ago, last night, tomorrow, on Monday.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Would + Be + Verb-ing → She would be jumping between the rocks at the night yesterday.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Would + Not + Be + Verb-ing → She would not be jumping between the rocks at the night yesterday.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Would + Subject + Be + Verb-ing? → Would she be jumping between the rocks at the night yesterday?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah pengandaian apabila melakukan sebuah tindakan di masa lampau.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Would + Have + Verb3 → Budi would have bought a new bag if he had enough money.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Would + Not + Have + Verb3 → Budi would not have bought a new bag even if he had enough money.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Would + Subject + Have + Verb3? → Would Budi have bought a new bag even if he had enough money?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi di masa lampau, tapi sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Pada tense ini lebih menekankan pada hasil dan durasinya.

  • Kalimat Positif: Subject + Would + Have + Been + Verb-ing → He would have been working in leading companies for 10 years.
  • Kalimat Negatif: Subject + Would + Not+ Have + Been + Verb-ing → He would not have been working in leading companies for 10 years.
  • Kalimat Tanya: Would + Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing? → Would he have been working in leading companies for 10 years?

Semoga dengan rangkuman 16 tenses di atas, dapat membantumu meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggrismu. Semangat terus teman-teman!